Cervical dysplasia: all about the disease

Dysplasia of the cervix is a pathological condition in which changes are observed in the cells of the epithelium of the cervix. These changes can be precancerous, so timely detection and treatment are very important. The main cause is the human papilloma virus (HPV), which is transmitted sexually.

In most cases, dysplasia does not have obvious symptoms, which makes its diagnosis difficult without regular examinations. 

However, in some cases, the following symptoms may occur:

• Pathological discharge from the vagina
• Bleeding after intercourse

Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia usually includes several stages.

The most modern diagnostic method is liquid cytology, which allows detecting atypical cells. With a special cytological brush, the gynecologist collects the cells of the cervix and places them in a suitable sterile container with liquid. Cells are analyzed in the laboratory using the Bethesda system of imaging and scoring, which is accepted by the WHO. Depending on the evaluation results, the cytological result is defined as NILM, LSIL, HSIL, ASC-US, ASC-H. If the test results indicate possible changes, an extended colposcopy is usually prescribed, which not only allows you to examine the cervix in detail under a microscope, but also conduct a number of diagnostic tests and document the state of the cervix (videocolposcopy). In some cases, a biopsy may be performed for a more accurate diagnosis. Radio wave biopsy of the cervix is the most gentle method.

Usually, usual women's health management and surveillance is indicated for NILM. In the case of mild dysplasia, as a treatment for LSIL, dynamic monitoring and repeated examinations by a gynecologist, if necessary, colposcopy may be recommended. Treatment of ASCUS depends on the severity of the changes. In the case of moderate and severe dysplasia, radiosurgery is the optimal method for the treatment of HSIL. That is why radiowave treatment of the cervix is used in our clinic - it is both radiowave coagulation of the cervix, high-frequency excision, and conization of the cervix (the so-called cone of the uterus) by the method of radiowave electrosurgery.

Regular examinations by a gynecologist are of crucial importance for women's health. This is especially important for detecting diseases such as cervical dysplasia in the early stages. That is why it is recommended to pass gynecological examination (women's check-up, women's health check-up) at least every 6-12 months. A gynecologist in Kyiv will provide professional advice, conduct the necessary research and offer optimal treatment methods.

Modern gynecology is constantly developing, introducing new methods of diagnosis and treatment. Today, gynecologists have a wide range of innovative technologies in their arsenal that allow them to effectively fight dysplasia and other diseases.

Prevention of cervical dysplasia includes several basic measures that help reduce the risk of developing this disease. It is important to remember that preventive measures should be aimed at preventing infection and maintaining the general health of the reproductive system.

• One of the most effective methods of preventing cervical dysplasia is vaccination, which is recommended for girls between the ages of 9 and 26, but it can also be useful for older women.
• Regular examinations by a gynecologist allow timely detection of any changes in the cells of the cervix. This is especially important for women who lead an active sex life.
• Using barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms, helps reduce the risk of HPV infection and other sexually transmitted infections. Limiting the number of sexual partners is also an important preventive measure.
• Smoking can increase the risk of developing cervical dysplasia, as toxins contained in tobacco smoke can negatively affect epithelial cells. Quitting smoking will help reduce this risk and improve your overall health.